domanda sulla glutammina

[zacros]

Rispondo al volo che devo riscappare(che giornate mitiche!!!)
I dosaggi ospedalieri e terapeutici per alcuni traumi o patolologie,erano si di 30gr di Glutammina AKG,peptide e malato,ma erano 30gr per via endovenosa,quindi non mi spaventerei di 50gr di assunzione orale.
Ma nel post mio precedente ho anche specificato che 20 possono anche essere sufficienti,in relazione però ad un certo tipo di attività.
Io ho fatto una sperimentazione.
Sono partito da 5gr di Glutammina AKG,malato e peptide per 4 settimane fino ad arrivare a 50gr la settimana prima della gara completa.I maggiori risultati ed effetti li ho raggiunti a 50gr,ma già dai 25-30 sentivo la differenza.
Stessa somministrazione e sperimentazione con una formula di L-Glutammina.
Nella forma L-Glutammina a 50gr riscontravo risultati,ma che mi portavano una grossa quantità di ritenzione idrica,che non avevo avuto nella sperimentazione precedente.
Però mi rendo conto che 50gr di Glutammina AKG,peptide e malato sono troppi se non si fanno sforzi eccessi,ma vi garantisco che nella preparazione di una gara completa nelle ultime 5 settimane non erano troppi,anzi rendevano possibili i miei WO anche a distanza di 24 ore.

[°°sOmOja°°]

visto che nn amo i dogmi e sono curioso, ho fatto un rapido giro su PUBMED

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo, in exercise and in immunodepression.

Castell L.
Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, University of Oxford, England. lindy.castell@nda.ox.ac.uk
In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.

Glutamine granule-supplemented enteral nutrition maintains immunological function in severely burned patients.

Peng X, Yan H, You Z, Wang P, Wang S.
Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China. pxlrmm@163.com
Glutamine is an important energy source for immune cells. It is a necessary nutrient for cell proliferation, and serves as specific fuel for lymphocytes, macrophages, and enterocytes when it is present in appropriate concentrations. The purpose of this clinical study was to observe the effects of enteral nutrition supplemented with glutamine granules on immunologic function in severely burned patients. Forty-eight severely burned patients (total burn surface area 30-75%, full thickness burn area 20-58%) who met the requirements of the protocol joined this double-blind randomized controlled clinical trail. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: burn control group (B group, 23 patients) and glutamine treated group (Gln group, 25 patients). There was isonitrogenous and isocaloric intake in both groups, Gln and B group patents were given glutamine granules or placebo (glycine) at 0.5 g/kgd for 14 days with oral feeding or tube feeding, respectively. The plasma level of glutamine and several indices of immunologic function including lymphocyte transformation ratio, neutrophil phagocytosis index (NPI), CD4/CD8 ratio, the content of immunoglobulin, complement C3, C4 and IL-2 levels were determined. Moreover, wound healing rate of burn area was observed and then hospital stay was recorded. The results showed significantly reduced plasma glutamine and damaged immunological function after severe burn Indices of cellular immunity function were remarkably decreased from normal controls. After taking glutamine granules for 14 days, plasma glutamine concentration was significantly higher in Gln group than that in B group (607.86+/-147.25 micromol/L versus 447.63+/-132.38 micromol/L, P<0.01). On the other hand, cellular immunity functions were improved in Gln group, such as lymphocyte transformation ratio, NPI, CD4/CD8 ratio and IL-2 compared those in the B group (P<0.05-0.01). However, for humoral immunity function such as the concentration of IgG, IgM, C3, C4, no marked changes were seen compared with the B group (P>0.05). In addition, wound healing was better and hospital stay days were reduced in Gln group (46.59+/-12.98 days versus 55.68+/-17.36 days, P<0.05). These indicated that immunological function damage is present after severe burn; supplemented glutamine granules with oral feeding or tube feeding abate the degree of immunosuppression, improve immunological function especially cellular immunity function, ameliorate wound healing and reduce hospital stay.

traduco nn letteralmente:
Questo indica che in seguito a ustioni gravi vi è un danno alle funzioni immunologiche;
la supplementazione di glutamina in granuli con nutrizione orale o tramite tubo abbatte il grado di immunosoppressione, migliora la funzione immunitaria specialmente l'immunità cellulare, migliora la cicatrizzazione delle ferite e riduce la permanenza in ospedale.

Glutamine supplementation prevents exercise-induced neutrophil apoptosis and reduces p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation and p53 and caspase 3 expression.

Lagranha CJ, Hirabara SM, Curi R, Pithon-Curi TC.
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
We have previously shown that a single session of exercise induces DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, increases expression of pro-apoptotic genes (bax and bcl-xS) and decreases expression of anti-apoptotic genes (bcl-xL) in rat neutrophils. Glutamine supplementation had a protective effect in the apoptosis induced by a single session of exercise. The mechanism involved in the effect of single session of exercise to induce apoptosis was investigated by measuring expression of p53 and caspase 3 and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and cJun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) in neutrophils from rats supplemented or not with glutamine. Exercise was carried out on a treadmill for 1 h and the rats were killed by decapitation. Neutrophils were obtained by intraperitoneal (i.p.) lavage with PBS, 4 h after injection of oyster glycogen solution. Glutamine supplementation (1g per Kg b.w.) was given by gavage 1 h before the exercise session. Gene expression and protein phosphorylation were then analyzed by reverse transcriptase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. A single session of exercise increased p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation and p53 and caspase 3 expression. Glutamine supplementation partially prevented the increase in p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation and p53 expression, and fully abolished the increase in caspase 3 expression. Thus, neutrophil apoptosis induced by a single session of exercise is accompanied by increased p53 and caspase 3 expression and p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation. Glutamine supplementation prevents these effects of exercise and reduces apoptosis.


sembra quindi che le condizioni di stress come le ustioni o l'esercizio fisico prolungato (soprattutto quello di resistenza) inducano un aumento dei geni pro-apoptotici (l'apoptosi è la morte cellulare programmata) nei leucociti (in particolare nei neutrofili) ..dei ratti.


alla base di tale reazione dovrebbe partecipare la riduzione della concentrazione ematica di Glutamina (che costituisce uno dei substrati energetici principali per queste cellule), quindi un'eventuale supplementazione potrebbe funzionare PREVENENDO tale carenza.
(quindi eventualmente la supplementazione di glutammina nn sarebbe utile se nn sè presente alcuna carenza)


ancora nn ho trovato nulla riguardo le grammature, se qualcuno ha la pazienza di lavorarci potrebbe uscirne qualcosa di interessante.

[°°sOmOja°°]

naturalmente altre fonti affermano l'esatto contrario

Dosing and efficacy of glutamine supplementation in human exercise and sport training.Gleeson M.
School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU England. m.gleeson@lboro.ac.uk

Some athletes can have high intakes of l-glutamine because of their high energy and protein intakes and also because they consume protein supplements, protein hydrolysates, and free amino acids. Prolonged exercise and periods of heavy training are associated with a decrease in the plasma glutamine concentration and this has been suggested to be a potential cause of the exercise-induced immune impairment and increased susceptibility to infection in athletes. However, several recent glutamine feeding intervention studies indicate that although the plasma glutamine concentration can be kept constant during and after prolonged strenuous exercise, the glutamine supplementation does not prevent the postexercise changes in several aspects of immune function. Although glutamine is essential for lymphocyte proliferation, the plasma glutamine concentration does not fall sufficiently low after exercise to compromise the rate of proliferation. Acute intakes of glutamine of approximately 20-30 g seem to be without ill effect in healthy adult humans and no harm was reported in 1 study in which athletes consumed 28 g glutamine every day for 14 d. Doses of up to 0.65 g/kg body mass of glutamine (in solution or as a suspension) have been reported to be tolerated by patients and did not result in abnormal plasma ammonia levels. However, the suggested reasons for taking glutamine supplements (support for immune system, increased glycogen synthesis, anticatabolic effect) have received little support from well-controlled scientific studies in healthy, well-nourished humans.

[menphisdaemon]

Di Pasquale dice, per essere chiari fino in fondo, che la produzione endogena varia dai 50 ai 120 g die quindi, sotto quei livelli l'integrazione avrebbe poco senso...

Riportava anche gli studi sugli ustionati proprio per trattare l'uso clinico..

[glutammico]

Beh, tenendo conto della transaminazione..


Comunque, dato che stiamo mettendo nozioni su nozioni... vediamo anche quanto acido glutammico mangiamo.

http://www.valori-alimenti.com/cerca...glutammico.php